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Contents

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1. The birth of philosophy in Greece: context, myth, religion, questions and methods
2. The Presocratics and nature: Ionians, Pythagoreans, Eleatics, pluralists and atomists
3. The human being as a problem: Sophists, Socrates and his followers, Hippocratic medicine
4. Plato and the Academy
5. Aristotle and the organization of knowledge
6. Philosophy and science in the Hellenistic world
7. Ancient thought under the Empire
8. The Bible and new philosophical questions
9. Early Christian thinkers and Augustine
10. Medieval philosophy: reason and faith, universals, Islamic and Jewish traditions, Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus and Ockham

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Chronology, glossary, suggested readings, questions and exercises

Contents

1. Humanism and cultural renewal
2. Nature in the Renaissance
3. The birth of modern science
4. New paths to knowledge: Bacon and Descartes
5. Rationalism: Spinoza and Leibniz
6. Experience and knowledge: Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley and Hume
7. Other paths of modernity: Gassendi, Pascal and Vico
8. Enlightenment reason
9. The European Enlightenments
10. Kant and critical philosophy

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Chronology, glossary, suggested readings, questions and exercises

Contents

1. Romanticism and Hegel
2. Hegel’s heirs and critics
3. Philosophy in France and Italy
4. Positivism and science
5. New currents between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
6. Existence and interpretation
7. Language
8. Religious thought
9. Society and the human sciences
10. Science in the twentieth century

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Contents

Chronology, glossary, suggested readings, questions and exercises